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How to end up on the podium after running a 6-days-run with type 1 diabetes mellitus - A case study and literature review.
Weiss, K, Thuany, M, Scheer, V, Ouerghi, N, Andrade, MS, Nikolaidis, PT, Ćuk, I, Knechtle, B
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2023;(1):88-97
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of people living with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are pushing their physical limits to compete at the sport's highest level. Muscle, liver, and glycogen metabolism can be normal in athletes with diabetes with good glucose management, and modifications to insulin dose and nutrition can facilitate exercise performance. CASE PRESENTATION We report on a 66-year-old runner with insulin-dependent T1DM. He has run over 90 marathons and ultra-marathons. Thanks to an insulin pump and continuous glucose monitoring, he has completed forty-eight 24-hour runs with an average performance of 133.8 km. Over the years, the runner increased his monthly running volume significantly and decreased his glycated Hemoglobin type A1C (hba1c) levels. Meanwhile, a significant association between monthly running kilometers and hba1c levels could be shown. At the age of 66 years, he finished his sixth 6-day-run in third place overall by covering a total distance of 467.424 km. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that it is possible to participate in ultra-endurance events while suffering from T1DM without glucose derailing. With a good understanding of the disease and its impact on an individual's body, we can curtail the preparation and execution phases of ultra-endurance events to allow athletes to compete with minimal risk.
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L-Glutamine Supplementation Enhances Strength and Power of Knee Muscles and Improves Glycemia Control and Plasma Redox Balance in Exercising Elderly Women.
Amirato, GR, Borges, JO, Marques, DL, Santos, JMB, Santos, CAF, Andrade, MS, Furtado, GE, Rossi, M, Luis, LN, Zambonatto, RF, et al
Nutrients. 2021;(3)
Abstract
We investigated the effects of oral L-glutamine (Gln) supplementation, associated or not with physical exercises, in control of glycemia, oxidative stress, and strength/power of knee muscles in elderly women. Physically active (n = 21) and sedentary (n = 23) elderly women aged 60 to 80 years were enrolled in the study. Plasma levels of D-fructosamine, insulin, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, iron, uric acid, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) (lipoperoxidation product), as well as knee extensor/flexor muscle torque peak and average power (isokinetic test), were assessed pre- and post-supplementation with Gln or placebo (30 days). Higher plasma D-fructosamine, insulin, and iron levels, and lower strength/power of knee muscles were found pre-supplementation in the NPE group than in the PE group. Post-supplementation, Gln subgroups showed higher levels of GSH, GSSG, and torque peak, besides lower D-fructosamine than pre-supplementation values. Higher muscle average power and plasma uric acid levels were reported in the PE + Gln group, whereas lower insulin levels were found in the NPE + Gln than pre-supplementation values. TBARs levels were diminished post-supplementation in all groups. Gln supplementation, mainly when associated with physical exercises, improves strength and power of knee muscles and glycemia control, besides boosting plasma antioxidant capacity of elderly women.
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Daily Intake of Fermented Milk Containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota (Lcs) Modulates Systemic and Upper Airways Immune/Inflammatory Responses in Marathon Runners.
Vaisberg, M, Paixão, V, Almeida, EB, Santos, JMB, Foster, R, Rossi, M, Pithon-Curi, TC, Gorjão, R, Momesso, CM, Andrade, MS, et al
Nutrients. 2019;11(7)
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Plain language summary
Athletes undergoing high-intensity efforts show increased incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), both in the context of competitions and during strenuous training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the daily intake of fermented milk (containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota) on the systemic and upper airway immune/inflammatory responses before and after a race in marathon runners who previously reported upper respiratory symptoms (URS) after an exhaustive physical exercise session. The study is a double-blind randomised clinical study which recruited 42 male amateur marathon runners with an average age of 39 years. The participants were randomly separated into two groups: Lactobacillus casei Shirota group (n=20) or the placebo group (n=22). Results indicate that daily ingestion of fermented milk (containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota) was able to control both immunological and inflammatory responses in the blood and also in the upper airways mucosal of amateurs´ runners after a marathon. Authors conclude that Lactobacillus casei Shirota is able to modulate the systemic and airways immune responses post-marathon, presenting protective effects.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) can benefit the immune status, the effects of LcS in the immune/inflammatory responses of marathon runners has never been evaluated. Therefore, here we evaluated the effect of daily ingestion of fermented milk containing or not LcS in the systemic and upper airway immune/inflammatory responses before and after a marathon. METHODS Forty-two male marathon runners ingested a fermented milk containing 40 billion of LcS/day (LcS group, n = 20) or placebo (unfermented milk, n = 22) during 30 days pre-marathon. Immune/inflammatory parameters in nasal mucosa and serum, as well as concentrations of secretory IgA (SIgA) and antimicrobial peptides in saliva, were evaluated before and after fermented milk ingestion, immediately, 72 h, and 14 d post-marathon. RESULTS Higher proinflammatory cytokine levels in serum and nasal mucosa, and also lower salivary levels of SIgA and antimicrobial peptides, were found immediately post-marathon in the placebo group compared to other time points and to LcS group. In opposite, higher anti-inflammatory levels and reduced neutrophil infiltration on nasal mucosa were found in the LcS group compared to other time points and to the placebo group. CONCLUSION For the first time, it is shown that LcS is able to modulate the systemic and airways immune responses post-marathon.
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Experimental design of a liposomal lipid system: A potential strategy for paclitaxel-based breast cancer treatment.
Barbosa, MV, Monteiro, LO, Carneiro, G, Malagutti, AR, Vilela, JM, Andrade, MS, Oliveira, MC, Carvalho-Junior, AD, Leite, EA
Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces. 2015;:553-61
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is widely used as a first-line treatment for patients with metastatic breast cancer; however, its poor water solubility represents a major challenge for parenteral administration. The encapsulation of the PTX in drug-delivery systems with high affinity for tumor sites could improve the uptake and increase its therapeutic efficacy. In this work, long-circulating and pH-sensitive PEG-coated (SpHL-PTX) and PEG-folate-coated liposomes containing PTX (SpHL-FT-PTX) were prepared, and the physicochemical properties and in vitro cytotoxic activity were evaluated. Both formulations presented adequate physicochemical properties, including a mean diameter smaller than 200 nm, zeta potential values near the neutral range, and an encapsulation percentage higher than 93%. Moreover, SpHL-FT-PTX showed a good stability after storage for 100 days at 4 °C. The viability studies on breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) demonstrated cytotoxic activity more pronounced for SpHL-FT-PTX than for SpHL-PTX or free drug for both tumor cell lines. This activity was reduced to a rate comparable to SpHL-PTX when the cells were previously treated with folic acid in order to saturate the receptors. In contrast, in the normal cell line (L929), cell viability was decreased only by free or liposomal PTX in the highest concentrations. A significantly higher selectivity index was obtained after SpHL-FT-PTX treatment compared to SpHL-PTX and free PTX. Therefore, the results of the present work suggest that SpHL-FT-PTX can be a promising formulation for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Polymeric nanocapsules prevent oxidation of core-loaded molecules: evidence based on the effects of docosahexaenoic acid and neuroprostane on breast cancer cells proliferation.
Roy, J, Oliveira, LT, Oger, C, Galano, JM, Bultel-Poncé, V, Richard, S, Guimaraes, AG, Vilela, JM, Andrade, MS, Durand, T, et al
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR. 2015;:155
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanocapsules, as a delivery system, are able to target drugs and other biologically sensitive molecules to specific cells or organs. This system has been intensively investigated as a way to protect bioactives drugs from inactivation upon interaction with the body and to ensure the release to the target. However, the mechanism of improved activity of the nanoencapsulated molecules is far from being understood at the cellular and subcellular levels. Epidemiological studies suggest that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can reduce the morbidity and mortality from breast cancer. This influence could be modulated by the oxidative status of the diet and it has been suggested that the anti-proliferative properties of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are enhanced by pro-oxidant agents. METHODS The effect of encapsulation of PUFA on breast cancer cell proliferation in different oxidative medium was evaluated in vitro. We compared the proliferation of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and of the non-cancer human mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A in different experimental conditions. RESULTS DHA possessed anti-proliferative properties that were prevented by alpha-tocopherol (an antioxidant) and enhanced by the pro-oxidant hydrogen peroxide that confirms that DHA has to be oxidized to exert its anti-proliferative properties. We also evaluated the anti-proliferative effects of the 4(RS)-4-F4t-neuroprostane, a bioactive, non-enzymatic oxygenated metabolite of DHA known to play a major role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. DHA-loaded nanocapsules was less potent than non-encapsulated DHA while co-encapsulation of DHA with H2O2 maintained the inhibition of proliferation. The nanocapsules slightly improves the anti-proliferative effect in the case of 4(RS)-4-F4t-neuroprostane that is more hydrophilic than DHA. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings suggest that the sensitivity of tumor cell lines to DHA involves oxidized metabolites. They also indicate that neuroprostane is a metabolite participating in the growth reducing effect of DHA, but it is not the sole. These results also suggest that NC seek to enhance the stability against degradation, enhance cellular availability, and control the release of bioactive fatty acids following their lipophilicities.
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Effects of bicarbonate on oxyhaemoglobin desaturation and exercise performance in athletes.
Do Valle Bargieri, J, Berton, DC, Aparecido De Almeida, A, Asprón Garcia, F, Carlos Da Silva, A, Alberto Neder, J, Andrade, MS
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2013;(5):470-6
Abstract
AIM: Decrease in peripheral oxygen delivery may impact exercise performance in athletes with exercise-related arterial oxygen desaturation (ERD). We evaluated whether sodium bicarbonate ingestion would be effective to reduce ERD and what is the consequences upon exercise performance. METHODS Seventy highly trained athletes performed an incremental treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (incCPX) and a high intensity constant speed test (ctCPX) on separate days. Subjects who developed ERD by pulse oximetry were randomly allocated to oral sodium bicarbonate or placebo during 5 days. At the end of treatment subjects repeated both tests. RESULTS ERD prevalence was 33% during the incCPX (17 % severe, 48% moderate and 35% mild) and 34% (5 % severe, 37% moderate and 58% mild) in the ctCPX. Athletes who developed ERD have greater aerobic capacity (incCPX) and endurance time (ctCPX). Active treatment, but not placebo, reduced ERD during ctCPX (P<0.05). However, there were no significant positive effects on main parameters of aerobic function and endurance exercise capacity (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Sodium bicarbonate was effective in lessening ERD during ctCPX in athletes. However, this intervention failed to improve maximal and submaximal exercise capacity in these subjects.
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Interleukin-10 gene polymorphism (-1082G/A) is associated with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.
Cordeiro, CA, Moreira, PR, Andrade, MS, Dutra, WO, Campos, WR, Oréfice, F, Teixeira, AL
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2008;(5):1979-82
Abstract
PURPOSE Experimental data have demonstrated a relevant role for IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in the modulation of acute ocular toxoplasmosis. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the possible association between an IL10 gene polymorphism at position -1082 and toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis (TR) in humans. METHODS One hundred patients with diagnosed TR were recruited from the Uveitis Section, Federal University of Minas Gerais. For comparison, one hundred healthy blood donors with positive serology for toxoplasmosis and without retinal signs of previous TR were included in the study. Genomic DNA was obtained from oral swabs of individuals and amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers flanking the locus -1082 of IL10 (-1082G/A). PCR products were subjected to restriction endonuclease digestion and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, to distinguish allele G and A of the IL-10 gene, allowing the detection of the polymorphism and determination of genotypes. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the genotype distribution between TR patients and control subjects (chi(2) = 6.33, P = 0.04). Carriers of the IL10 -1082 A allele (AA+AG genotypes) were more often patients with TR than control subjects (chi(2) = 5.97, P = 0.01, OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.11 < OR < 5.55). In a subgroup analysis, there was no significant difference in genotypes and allele carriage regarding visual acuity, involvement of both eyes and TR recurrence. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the genotypes related with a low production of IL-10 may be associated with the occurrence of TR.